Building Blocks

Engineering notes for useful sub-circuits.

Linear voltage to exponential current

Convert a linear control voltage to an exponential current (e.g. V/oct). This circuit is a key building block for VCOs, VCFs, etc.

Pulse Generators

Generate short pulses from rising and falling edges of gate signals.

Buffers

Create clean logic transitions or reduce output impedance.

LED Drivers

Transistor-based circuits to add LEDs as visual signal indicators.